. The pronunciation of English in Scotland . esshould be specially noted (1) the clear 1 where the pointof the tongue touches the teeth ridge but the back doesnot rise (see fig. 6 (i), p. 34), (2) the dark 1 where the backrises as well as the point (see fig. 6 (ii), p. 34). The clear1 has a resonance akin to the vowel i and the darkvariety approaches in acoustic effect the vowel u. 77. In the beginning of words the clear 1 is morecommon but before back vowels it tends to change intothe dark with the upward movement of the back of thetongue. The resultant of these changes is very frequentlyan 1
. The pronunciation of English in Scotland . esshould be specially noted (1) the clear 1 where the pointof the tongue touches the teeth ridge but the back doesnot rise (see fig. 6 (i), p. 34), (2) the dark 1 where the backrises as well as the point (see fig. 6 (ii), p. 34). The clear1 has a resonance akin to the vowel i and the darkvariety approaches in acoustic effect the vowel u. 77. In the beginning of words the clear 1 is morecommon but before back vowels it tends to change intothe dark with the upward movement of the back of thetongue. The resultant of these changes is very frequentlyan 1 intermediate between the clear and dark varieties. 34 PHONETICS After a vowel or a consonant the dark 1 is the morecommon but the clear or intermediate variety may befrequently heard after lip and point consonants and frontvowels. 78. In the Scotch phrase mAklgwid, much good,the 1 may be formed without point contact while the aircurrent glides along one side of the back of the form of 1 should be avoided in correct 79. The spellings for the sound 1 are I, II, In, le, asloud, laud,/oZZow, folo, kiln, kil, a^ple, apl. 80. The breathed I, 1, is not a regular speechsound in Scottish but it may be occasionally heaid inrapid speech between breathed sounds as What will Tomdo ? Avotrtamdu: ? LIQUID CONSONANTS 35 r sounds 81. Voiced point trilled (rolled). This sound isformed by a rapid succession of taps of the tip of thetongue against the teeth ridge. 82. Examples: riide, rud, arrange, aren*^, waiter,wetar, wring, nij. 83. This is the most common form used in Scotlandof the sound written with the letter r. Within recentyears there has been a tendency to attenuate the force ofthe trill especially in final positions and before anotherconsonant. This tendency is probably due more to imita-tion of Southern speakers than to a natural developmentin the pronunciation. The trill may be reduced (finallyand before consonants) to a single tap [r], or even to afric
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