. A treatise on anatomy, physiology and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies and families. edius muscle. 9, The {iluffiusniaximus muscle. 31,12, The rhomboideus major and minor muscles. 15, Thevertebral apouefirosJs. 16, Tli? serratus posticus inferior muscle. 22, The serratusmagnus nuiscle. 23, The internal oblique muscle. Practical Ezplanalion. Tiie imiscles 1,11,12, draw the scapula back toward the spineThe muscles 11, 12, draw the scapula upward toward the head, and slightly back-ward. The mflscle 4 draws the arm by the side, and backward. The muscle 5elevates the arm. The muscles 8,
. A treatise on anatomy, physiology and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies and families. edius muscle. 9, The {iluffiusniaximus muscle. 31,12, The rhomboideus major and minor muscles. 15, Thevertebral apouefirosJs. 16, Tli? serratus posticus inferior muscle. 22, The serratusmagnus nuiscle. 23, The internal oblique muscle. Practical Ezplanalion. Tiie imiscles 1,11,12, draw the scapula back toward the spineThe muscles 11, 12, draw the scapula upward toward the head, and slightly back-ward. The mflscle 4 draws the arm by the side, and backward. The muscle 5elevates the arm. The muscles 8, 9, extend the thigh on the body. The muscle 1draws the head back and elevates the chin. The muscle 16 dspresses the ribs juexpiration. The rcusclfl 22 elevates the ribs in inspiration. ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES. 73 159. The diaphragm, or midrifT, is the muscular divisionbetween the thorax and the abdomen. It is penetrated by theeesophagus on its way to the stomach, by the aorta conveyingblood toward the lower extremity, and by the ascending venacava, or vein, on its way to the jieart. Fig. Fig. 42. A representation flf tlie under, or abdominal side of the , 9,:}, 4, Tlie iKirtioii wliich is alt;irlied to tlie nirirgiii of the ri!is. 8, H», Tlie twcflfsliy pilliirs of the diaplirugin, which are ntt;iclied tu the third and fourth hitnliatverlfiiru;. 9, The spinal cuhiinn. 11, The opening for the passage of ilie , The opening for the oesophagus. 13, The opening for the aocending vena cava,or vein. Observation. The diaphragm may be compared to an in-verted basin, its bottom being turned upward into the thorax,while its edge corresponds with the outline of the edges of thelower ribs and sternum. Its concavity is directed toward theabdomen, and thus, this cavity is very much enh\rged at theexpense of tliat of the chest, which is diminislied to an 159 Describe the diaphragm, ^yhat vessels penetrate this muscularseptum ? 7 74 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AN
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