. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . ) the same t\pe, although differing somewhat in form and size. The ellip-soidal grains with elongated hilum are highly are rare. 656 COMMERCUL STARCHES. Forms. Ellipsoidal grains predominate, although reniform, trefoil-shaped and various irregular forms are not uncommon. Size. In some species the lengtli of the grain reaches 100 fi, but iamost of the common species is about 50 /«. Hiliim. The elongated hilum, often with branching c
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . ) the same t\pe, although differing somewhat in form and size. The ellip-soidal grains with elongated hilum are highly are rare. 656 COMMERCUL STARCHES. Forms. Ellipsoidal grains predominate, although reniform, trefoil-shaped and various irregular forms are not uncommon. Size. In some species the lengtli of the grain reaches 100 fi, but iamost of the common species is about 50 /«. Hiliim. The elongated hilum, often with branching clefts, is char-acteristic. In some grains the hilum and branches being filled withair appear black; in other grains both are indistinct. Rings distinct. Polarizalion Crosses, because of the elongated hilum, are shaped thus: ^ CHESTNUT STARCH. In southern Europe the chestnut (Caslanca saiiva Mill.) is usedfor the preparation of both flour and starch. \ogl states that chestnutstarch is often described as horse-chestnut starch. Microscopic Characters (Fig. 578). The large grains of curiousshapes characterize this Aggregates of two or three grains occur here and there, but are notabundant. Forms. The grains are ellipsoidal, pear-shaped, kidney-shaped,hcart-sha])ed, etc. They are often quite sharp-pointed. Size. The large grains are 15-30 /( long, the small grains 1-3 forms are rare. CHESTNUT STARCH. HORSE-CHESTNUT STARCH. 657 Hilum. This is sometimes round, sometmes elongated, forming acleft much as in leguminous starches. Rings are indistinct or wanting. Polarization Crosses are distinct but not striking. With the seleniteplate a dull play of colors is evident. HORSE=CHESTNUT STARCH. In France a starch is made from the horse-chestnut (Aesculus Hippo-castanum L., order SapindacecB), which, although unfit for food becauseof its bitter taste, is useful in the arts. According to Vogl it is gray-white, whereas chestnut starch is pure white. Microscopic Charact
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