. Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography . harmis, who entered on his career by condemningthe practice of all his predecessors. Charmis in-troduced the use of cold baths even in winter, andplunged the sick into ponds. Men of rank mightbe seen shivering for display under the treatmentof this water doctor. On which Pliny ( xxix. 2)well observes that all these men hunted after repu-tation by bringing in some novelty, while theytrafficked away the lives of their patients. The history of Massalia after Caesars time isvery little known. It is said that there are no im-perial medals of Massalia. Som
. Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography . harmis, who entered on his career by condemningthe practice of all his predecessors. Charmis in-troduced the use of cold baths even in winter, andplunged the sick into ponds. Men of rank mightbe seen shivering for display under the treatmentof this water doctor. On which Pliny ( xxix. 2)well observes that all these men hunted after repu-tation by bringing in some novelty, while theytrafficked away the lives of their patients. The history of Massalia after Caesars time isvery little known. It is said that there are no im-perial medals of Massalia. Some tombs and inscrip-tions are in the Museum of Marseille. A great deal has been written about the historyof Massalia, but it is not worth much. The follow-ing references will lead to other authorities: Raoul-Rochette, Eistoire des Colonies Grecques, a very-poor work; H. Ternaux, Eistoria Reipublicae Mas-siliensium a Primordiis ad Neronis Tempora,which is useful for the references, but for nothingelse; Thierry, Eistoire des Gaulois. [G. L.]. COIN OF MASSILIA. MASSITHOLUS (MacrtnfloAos), a river of Libya,the source of which Ptolemy (iv. 6. § 8), places inthe mountain called Theon Ochema, and its em-bouchure (§ 9) in the Hesperian bay, betweenHesperium Cexas and the Hypodromus of Aethiopia, MASSYLI. in E. long. 14° 30, N. lat. 6° 20. It has beenidentified with the Gambia, which can be no otherthan the ancient Stachir or Trachir; one of the riverswhich flow into the Atlantic, between the Kama-ranca anil the Mesurado, is the probable repre-sentative of the Massitholus. [E. B. J.] MASSYLI. [Numtdia.] MASTAURA {Mdaravpa). a town in the northof Caria, at the foot of Mount Messogis, on thesmall river Chrysaoras, between Tralles and Tri-polis. (Strab. xiv. p. 650; Plin. v. 31; Steph. B.*. v.; Hierocl. p. 659.) The town was not of anygreat repute, but is interesting from its extantcoins, and from the fact that the ancient site is stillmarked by a village bearing the name Mastaura,near
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