Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . e lock hypothesis regarding ferment action upon theI See Adamis Pathology, 1908; Sachs, Wiesbaden, 1902. THE BLOOD. 569 various types of hexoses. In the nomenclature of Ehrlich the side-chains arestyled receptors and the group of the food or of the toxin which combines withthese receptors is known as the haptophore group. These receptors, as wellas haptophores, possess specific affinity, uniting with one another only whenhomologous. It has been found that a toxin molecule has certain
Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . e lock hypothesis regarding ferment action upon theI See Adamis Pathology, 1908; Sachs, Wiesbaden, 1902. THE BLOOD. 569 various types of hexoses. In the nomenclature of Ehrlich the side-chains arestyled receptors and the group of the food or of the toxin which combines withthese receptors is known as the haptophore group. These receptors, as wellas haptophores, possess specific affinity, uniting with one another only whenhomologous. It has been found that a toxin molecule has certain injurious effects uponthe cell; it is, therefore, necessary to ascribe this action to other than thetwo groups above mentioned, as the union of a haptophore with a receptorwould form an inert substance. Ehrlich, therefore, assumes the presence in thetoxin molecule of a second group which he styles the toxophore group, whichexerts the untoward effect upon the cell. The toxophore group in itself canunite with the cell only through the medium of its haptophore group. As the Toxin united with cell. >^^ Toxophore. 1/ \f- Haptophore. Toxin molecule. Body cell. Fig. 154.—Illustrating the mechanism of the toxin-cell union by the intermediationof receptors. {Da Costa.) cell becomes irritated by the presence of the toxophore group, it endeavors toovercome this by a new formation of receptors. According to the strength ofthe irritation, many more receptors will be found than can combine with thetoxin material present, so that many of the extra receptors pass out into thecirculation in the form of free receptors. This is a graphic explanation of thefact that the cell when irritated by toxic material elaborates substances fromits own protoplasm, which have a neutralizing effect upon the toxic free receptors (haptines) form the antitoxins. They combine only withhomologous toxin material and are, therefore, specific. Welch believes that theseantitoxins have a
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