. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PELVIS. 157 are not united in a crest. The ilia approach in shape to those of the Tapir, being in a less marked degree T-shaped ; the posterior limb of the iliac wings projecting inwards as far as the sacral spines; the anterior superior spine often presenting an epiphysis, and the shaft being long and blade-like. The ischia are comparatively long, and much more slender than in the Ruminants, being placed nearly parallel with the coccygeal vertebra, and with prolonged tuberosities. The jnibcs are small and short, and dir
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PELVIS. 157 are not united in a crest. The ilia approach in shape to those of the Tapir, being in a less marked degree T-shaped ; the posterior limb of the iliac wings projecting inwards as far as the sacral spines; the anterior superior spine often presenting an epiphysis, and the shaft being long and blade-like. The ischia are comparatively long, and much more slender than in the Ruminants, being placed nearly parallel with the coccygeal vertebra, and with prolonged tuberosities. The jnibcs are small and short, and directed a little forwards, as well as downward and inward, with a marked ilio-pectineal eminence, and a very long ischio- pubic symphysis. The sciatic notch is wide, and the obturator foramen small. The an- terior outlet is large and squarish, and the posterior elongated vertically and somewhat diamond shaped. Lunibo-iliac angle rather larger than that of the Tapir, being about 130°; ilio-ischial, 145°; and the ilio-pubic about 130°; making the lumbo-pubic rather less than a right angle. In the Ruminantia the sacrum is composed generally of four vertebrae, the two upper articulating with the ilia. In the Gazelle and Antelope, however, there are five, and in the common Stag only three. The sacrum is pro- portionably broad, and more arched, both longitudinally and laterally, than in the pre- ceding orders. The sacral promontory is also better marked, and the sacro-lumbar angle more perceptible. In the Ox. especially, this reaches to about 145° to 150°, and in the Fallow-deer 160°. The sacral spines are coalesced in a perfect crest in the Ox, Fallow-deer, and Stag (fig. 96.«), and partially in the gigantic Irish deer, Gnu, and Equine antelope; not so in the Giraffe and Camel. The caudal vertebrae are numerous. The ilia are long, with the crest (c) concave, and the alre expanding laterally at the top, especially in the heavier Ruminants; being concave internally, and convex e
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