. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. THE GRAMINE^. 233. Pap^Tua. liber or bark is composed of thin laminoe or plates, and these unrolled and placed together formed a sheet. The plates obtained near the centre were the best, and each cut diminished in value in proportion as it was distant from that part of the stem. When carefully peeled from the plant, and dressed at the sides
. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. THE GRAMINE^. 233. Pap^Tua. liber or bark is composed of thin laminoe or plates, and these unrolled and placed together formed a sheet. The plates obtained near the centre were the best, and each cut diminished in value in proportion as it was distant from that part of the stem. When carefully peeled from the plant, and dressed at the sides, that these might join evenly, these plates were laid close together on a hard flat table, and then other pieces similarly cut were laid across them at right angles. They thus formed a sheet of many pieces, and to promote their adhesion, the whole was moistened with the water of the Nile, and, while wet, pressure was applied. The glutinous matter inherent in the bark promoted adhesion. They were afterwards dried in the sun. Bruce the traveller, who frequently made the paper in the manner thus described, ascertained that the saccharine juice contained in the plant, and dis- solved and diffused in the water, causes the im- mediate adhesion of the parts. In some cases where the plants themselves did not contain suf- ficient juice, or when the water did not dissolve the juice properly, the strips of bark were joined together with paste, made of fine flour, mixed with hot water and a little vinegar. After being dried and again pressed, the paper was smoothed and flattened by beating it with a wooden mal- let. A recent traveller thus describes the papyrus as he found it gi-owing near Syracuse in Sicily, the only locality in Europe where this beautiful plant is found indigenous. " The river Anapus, after flowing through an alluvial plain, which requires draining very much, being in many parts swampy, and emitting the most unhealthy miasmata, falls into the sea at the west side o
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