. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE PTERIDOPHYTES 287 purposes, and various kinds of parenchymatous tissue set apart for different ofilces in the stem and leaves, ferns have a higher vegetative organization than the simplest seed-plants. The leaves are well furnished with stomata and the work of photosynthesis is amply provided for. Pteridophytes constitute the lowest group of plants which have true roots. The reproductive processes of ferns are of a higher grade than those of liv- erworts and mosses, but not as highly developed as those of horsetails, club- mosses, and Selaginella {Se
. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. THE PTERIDOPHYTES 287 purposes, and various kinds of parenchymatous tissue set apart for different ofilces in the stem and leaves, ferns have a higher vegetative organization than the simplest seed-plants. The leaves are well furnished with stomata and the work of photosynthesis is amply provided for. Pteridophytes constitute the lowest group of plants which have true roots. The reproductive processes of ferns are of a higher grade than those of liv- erworts and mosses, but not as highly developed as those of horsetails, club- mosses, and Selaginella {, 374). EQUISETUM, A HORSETAIL 367. Occurrence. â The commonest horsetail, JEquisetum arvense, occurs widely distributed throughout the United States. It is frequently found Fig- 210.^ A Water Fern growing on railroad embankments and on sand-hills. The fruiting stems ap- pear very early in the spring and are short-lived. The sterile vegetative stems follow and become well grown during June. 368. Gross Structure.âMake use of herbarium sheets of plants â with fertile and with sterile stems, or sheets of one and fresh material of the other. I. Study the position, form, and size of the rootstocks and the places at which roots and stems arise from these. Are there any attached tubers? II. Study the fertile stems, noting : (a) The shape of the stem as a whole. Is it solid or hollow ?. (Marsilia). s, spore Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Boston, Ginn
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