A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . with other fibers and to completesubstitution by artificial preparations. One form of artificial silk, in-vented, in 1884, by a Frenchman, Count Chardonnet, is made fromprepared cotton or wood fiber. It possesses a very silky luster, and wasat first very inflammable and even explosive, being practically nitro-cellulose ; but later, the product was subjected to further chemicalprocess and made harmless. Another form, invented by Fremery andUrban, is made from cotton waste, and is produced much more anoth
A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . with other fibers and to completesubstitution by artificial preparations. One form of artificial silk, in-vented, in 1884, by a Frenchman, Count Chardonnet, is made fromprepared cotton or wood fiber. It possesses a very silky luster, and wasat first very inflammable and even explosive, being practically nitro-cellulose ; but later, the product was subjected to further chemicalprocess and made harmless. Another form, invented by Fremery andUrban, is made from cotton waste, and is produced much more another form, invented by Professor Hummel, of Leeds, is madefrom gelatin at an expense of about $ per pound. It has a lowtensile strength, but may be employed in a mixture with genuine silkor fine linen or cotton thread to make a durable fabric. Silk is used chiefly in the manufacture of silks, satins, velvets, crape,and plush. Cotton.—Cotton is the soft woolly fibers appendant to the seeds ofthe cotton plant (Gossypium), consisting of cellulose, and varying in Fig. Cotton fibers. length from a half to two inches. It is contained with the seeds withinthe boll, which, when ripe, bursts and allows the fibers partially to es-cape. Microscopically, the fibers appear flattened and twisted ; they havesomewhat thickened borders, and some show a central canal. They areshown in Fig. 116, They are freed from the seeds by the cotton-gin,then cleaned and spun into thread, and woven into fabrics of variouskinds, including what is known commoniy as cotton cloth, sheeting,towelling, jean, drill, and others. For the purpose of giving weight,stiffness, and improved appearance, starch and other materials are com-monly employed in finishing. Cotton is employed also with wool and LINEN niififiiin. 775 oilier rriiitcrialH as iin ;i(liil(<i:inl oi- (d fDrrihiiU! tlu; UHcfiil propfrrfics ofeacili, UH, for , in incrino, vvliiih is riiucli uwid in tlu; manufactureof nnderelolhin^ an
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishe, booksubjecthygiene
