. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. INTRODUCTION 17 profoundly affected and diversified, and numbers of types are evolved, as, for example: Ambulatory, slow-moving, mostly primitive. Cursorial, swift-moving, secondary. Saltatorial, swift-moving, leaping, secondary. FossoRiAL, slow-moving, digging, and burrowing. Natatorial, amphibious, aquatic, swimming. Arboreal, slow-moving, tree-climbing. Glissant, gliding, as in the 'flying' squirrel. Volant, flying, as in the bat. Primitive and progressive skull structure. — Changes in tooth proportion an
. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. INTRODUCTION 17 profoundly affected and diversified, and numbers of types are evolved, as, for example: Ambulatory, slow-moving, mostly primitive. Cursorial, swift-moving, secondary. Saltatorial, swift-moving, leaping, secondary. FossoRiAL, slow-moving, digging, and burrowing. Natatorial, amphibious, aquatic, swimming. Arboreal, slow-moving, tree-climbing. Glissant, gliding, as in the 'flying' squirrel. Volant, flying, as in the bat. Primitive and progressive skull structure. — Changes in tooth proportion and foot proportion may or may not be accompanied by changes of propor- c&i). Fig. 7. — Skull proportions among Titanotheres. A. Brachycephaly, short-headed, Palasosi/opfi major. B. Mesaticephaly, medium-headed, Manteoceras manteoceras. C. Doli- chocephaly, long-headed, Dolichorhinus cornutus. tion in the skull. Here again we find that there are three general stages in the anatomy of the skull of mammals,^ and that the descriptive terms are the same as those which were introduced long ago (1842) in the anatomy of the human skull by the great Swedish anthropologist, Anders Adolf Retzius (1796-1860), namely: Mesaticephaly, an intermediate or partly elongated condition, charac- teristic of many intermediate and primitive forms, such as the tapir. ' See Osborn, H. F., Dolichocephaly and Rrachycephaly in the Lower Mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVI, Art. Vll, Feb. 3, 1902, pp. 77-89. C. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935. New York, The Macmillan Company
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