. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 898 THE SENSE ORGANS AND COMMON INTEGUMENT OF THE OX wider part is pale, and arises beneath the cervico-auricularis superficialis indirectly from the scutiform cartilage. The two unite and are inserted into the lower aspect of the base of the conchal cartilage. (9) The scutulo-auricularis profundus minor arises from the temporal crest above the external acoustic meatus and is inserted into the anterior part of the deep face of the scutiform cartilage. The cavum tympani is small; it communicates ventrally with the air-cells of the bull
. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 898 THE SENSE ORGANS AND COMMON INTEGUMENT OF THE OX wider part is pale, and arises beneath the cervico-auricularis superficialis indirectly from the scutiform cartilage. The two unite and are inserted into the lower aspect of the base of the conchal cartilage. (9) The scutulo-auricularis profundus minor arises from the temporal crest above the external acoustic meatus and is inserted into the anterior part of the deep face of the scutiform cartilage. The cavum tympani is small; it communicates ventrally with the air-cells of the bulla ossea. The tympanic membrane is nearly circular and is not so oblique as in the horse. The auditory ossicles are smaller than those of the horse; the malleus is more curved, the body of the incus is longer, and there is a small promi- nence on the front of the head of the stapes for the attachment of the stapedius muscle. The auditive or Eustachian tube is small and is only about two inches long. The pharyngeal opening is small and is situated on the side of the fornix of the pharynx close to the base of the cranium. There is no flap-like expansion of the cartilage, but the medial border of the orifice is formed by a fold of mucous membrane (Fig. 476). The internal ear has essentially the same arrangement as in the horse. COMMON INTEGUMENT The thickness of the skin of the ox is greater than that of any of the other domesticated animals; in general it is about three or four millimeters, but at the root of the tail and the point of the hock it is about five milli- meters and, on the brisket six or seven millimeters. The variably developed prominence at the anterior part of the pectoral region known as the brisket consists of a fold of skin (Plica colli ventralis longitudinalis), which contains posteriorly a mass composed of coarse fibrous trabeculae and fat. The cutaneous glands are fewer and less developed than in the horse. Except about the natural openings, at the point of t
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