. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. s heat steel slow in charred coal. Charcoal is best. Green coal will ruin oast steel. Hot lead isvery good to heat steel in. To Heat Steel for Hardening or Tempering. Take an iron box or piece of heavy gas pipe, put tools in, pack charcoal around them, heat box or pipeuntil tools get heated in center, then dip tools in solution. For flat piece, knife, bit or blade, always heat on edge. If you lay fiat on fire you will spring it, andfor flat piece, blade, bit or knife always dip toward the north. For heavy
. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. s heat steel slow in charred coal. Charcoal is best. Green coal will ruin oast steel. Hot lead isvery good to heat steel in. To Heat Steel for Hardening or Tempering. Take an iron box or piece of heavy gas pipe, put tools in, pack charcoal around them, heat box or pipeuntil tools get heated in center, then dip tools in solution. For flat piece, knife, bit or blade, always heat on edge. If you lay fiat on fire you will spring it, andfor flat piece, blade, bit or knife always dip toward the north. For heavy round piece, stir water to a whirl, then plunge tool in center of whirl. It will notspring. GUIDE FOE HARDENING - - CHAET A. High steel (tool steel) heated, quenched in water and kept there until cooled will be hardened andrefined (small crystals). Resulting Hardness. Excessively hard; almost brittle. Too hard for use; will breakeasily. Too hard for use; not strong QOUgh. Very hard; strong enough. Very strong; hard enough exceptin middle. Stronger than bar; not hardenough. Heat Appearance of Fracture. Coarse grain, with fiery lustre. Grain open, but not so coarse orfiery. Grain not coarse, but withfiei-y lustre. Fine grain clear through; no fierylustre. Grain fine on the outside, butnot in the middle. GUIDE FOR TEMPERING - - CHART B. High steel, after hardening, may be tempered as desired by slowly heating it in the open fire uBiil_ thecorrespondmg color appears. If heated in oil or tallow, these colors do not appear, but indicationsof the right heat are as given below. Designationof Temper. Very Soft or dead soft. Color of the Steel.
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