. The Earth beneath the sea : History. Ocean bottom; Marine geophysics. 43S LAUGHTON [CHAP. 18 Oceanography (England), the Lament Geological Observatory () and the Navy Electronics Laboratory (). Published i)hotographs of the sea floor are scattered throughout the literature and only a limited nimiber of re- ferences can be given. Whereas most papers deal with a regional study of the sea floor, some contain photographs from a variety of different physiograjjhic regions (Schenck and Kendall, 1954; Owen, 1958; Heezen, Tharp and Ewing, 1959; Laughton, 1959). The distribution of observ
. The Earth beneath the sea : History. Ocean bottom; Marine geophysics. 43S LAUGHTON [CHAP. 18 Oceanography (England), the Lament Geological Observatory () and the Navy Electronics Laboratory (). Published i)hotographs of the sea floor are scattered throughout the literature and only a limited nimiber of re- ferences can be given. Whereas most papers deal with a regional study of the sea floor, some contain photographs from a variety of different physiograjjhic regions (Schenck and Kendall, 1954; Owen, 1958; Heezen, Tharp and Ewing, 1959; Laughton, 1959). The distribution of observations of the sea floors throughout the world is extremely uneven, some small areas having been studied in great detail and large areas having no observations. Furthermore, in publications, the photo- graphs reproduced tend to be the most interesting ones rather than those most typical of a particular area, and, therefore, there is a bias towards showing a greater proportion of such things as boulders and outcrops. In the survey of the microtopography described below, some 2000 photo- graphs have been studied from as wide a variety of areas as possible (Fig. 1),. Fig. 1. World distribution of underwater photographs either published or inspected by the author. and, as well as giving a general description, an attempt has been made to deduce some statistics about the distribution of bottom types. It must be realized, however, that the distribution of data is so poor that the conclusions drawn from these results can only be considered as very tentative. Nothing will be said in this chapter about sea-floor observations in coastal zones where observations are easily made by shallow diving. The microtopo- graphy in these regions is well illustrated by the many photographs published in the popular and scientific Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these ill
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