. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1990 Klenner and Kroeker: Denning of Black Bears 543. 5 km Eastern I Boundary of DMPF :::::::::! Continuous Forest I I Agricultural Land and Woodlots 1979 ACTIVITY CENTER D 1979 DEN LOCATION # 1980 ACTIVITY CENTER O 1980 DEN LOCATION Figure 2. The relationship between the summer activity center and den locations of female Black Bears monitored in western Manitoba during 1979 and 1980 along the eastern boundary of Duck Mountain Provincial Forest (DMPF). was little mast or berries available. These results suggest that the onset of dormancy may be affected by body
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1990 Klenner and Kroeker: Denning of Black Bears 543. 5 km Eastern I Boundary of DMPF :::::::::! Continuous Forest I I Agricultural Land and Woodlots 1979 ACTIVITY CENTER D 1979 DEN LOCATION # 1980 ACTIVITY CENTER O 1980 DEN LOCATION Figure 2. The relationship between the summer activity center and den locations of female Black Bears monitored in western Manitoba during 1979 and 1980 along the eastern boundary of Duck Mountain Provincial Forest (DMPF). was little mast or berries available. These results suggest that the onset of dormancy may be affected by body condition, age and food availability. Discussion Pelton et al. (1980) and Rogers (1977, 1987) noted that most bears returned from foraging areas as far as 174 km away to their mating or summer ranges to construct dens. Tietje and Ruff (1980) indicated a similar trend for females but reported males often used a den site far removed from the summer range. In western Manitoba, subadult males often denned beyond summer ranges after an abrupt move in mid-autumn. The significance of using a remote den site is difficult to determine because the history of these animals was not known. However, the move away from the summer range in autumn and direct return in spring by two. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club
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