Bathymetry Map of the Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian volcanoes typically evolve in four stages as volcanism waxes and wanes. 1 early alkalic when volcanism originates on the deep sea floor 2 shield when roughly 95 percent of a volcano s volume is emplaced 3 post shield alkalic when small volume eruptions build scattered cones that thinly cap the shield stage lavas 4 rejuvenated when lavas of distinct chemistry erupt following a lengthy period of erosion and volcanic quiescence During the early alkalic and shield stages two or more elongate rift zones may develop as flanks of the volcano separate. Mantle derived magma rises through a vertical conduit and is temporarily stored in a shallow summit reservoir from which magma may erupt within the summit region or be injected laterally into the rift zones. The ongoing activity at Kilauea s Pu u O o cone that began in January 1983 is one such rift zone eruption. The rift zones commonly extend deep underwater producing submarine eruptions of bulbous pillow lava
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Photo credit: © JMST/Univ Hawaii/USGS/Phil Degginger/Color-Pic / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: archipelago, bathosphere, bathymetry, chain, convection, current, earth, floor, geology, hawaii, hawaiian, hotspot, island, islands, mantle, map, ocean, pacific, plate, seafloor, seamount, techtonics, underwater, upwelling, volcanic, volcano, vulcanism
