. A treatise on artificial limbs with rubber hands and feet ... ] distinguished makerin those days. He operated under the suggestions of Pare, and pro-duced limbs that were very creditable. Latterly, a Carmelite monk,Father Sebastian, devoted some attention and study to the subject, andproduced an artificial arm that was capable of many articulations,employing sheet-tin and springs in its construction ; but the apparatusof Father Sebastian failed to meet with anticipated success on accountof the unreliability of stumps, as dependence on the firmness of tissuecaused the articulations to cease a
. A treatise on artificial limbs with rubber hands and feet ... ] distinguished makerin those days. He operated under the suggestions of Pare, and pro-duced limbs that were very creditable. Latterly, a Carmelite monk,Father Sebastian, devoted some attention and study to the subject, andproduced an artificial arm that was capable of many articulations,employing sheet-tin and springs in its construction ; but the apparatusof Father Sebastian failed to meet with anticipated success on accountof the unreliability of stumps, as dependence on the firmness of tissuecaused the articulations to cease as soon as the stump becameattenuated. A mechanic by the name of Bailliff is accredited with having madeartificial arms that were improvements on the ideas of Father Sebas-tian. Some authorities, however, dispute the originality of Bailliffsarms. In 1696 a Dutch surgeon by the name of Verduin invented anartificial leg, which was improved by Serre, and met with much No. 506. Gavin Wilson is said to have improved Father Sebastians arm byemploying harder leather, and covering the same with colored sheep-skin so as to bear the appearance of human skin, and to render thedeception still more complete, he made the nails of white horn, andpainted them so as to represent nature. In 1818 De Graefe suggested a mechanical procedure which is fol-lowed by European manufacturers at the present time. Thus, step by step, with occasional lapse of time, we are brought tothe present age. Cobblers, harness-makers, locksmiths, and othermechanics were the protheticians of the past. These were employedby affluent cripples in- order to escape the obloquy of the peg leg(Peter Stuyvesants style, 1620). It can well be understood that pro-ductions from those sources, although ingenious in their mechanicalarrangements, were poorly adapted to the needs of the were heavy, noisy, clumsy, improperly fitted, and agonizing towear; in short, they were makeshifts th
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