. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. CHAPTER X MISCELLANEOUS DYES, PIGMENTS, AND HISTO- CHEMICAL REAGENTS 1. THE ANTHRAQUINONE GROUP The anthraquinone dyes include derivatives of anthracene, 224 Biological Stains through its oxidation product anthraquinone: O. These dyes show the quinoid ring, which is the most important chromophore in nearly all the dyes to be discussed in the three fol- lowing chapters; it forms very strong chromogens, which require only the addit
. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. CHAPTER X MISCELLANEOUS DYES, PIGMENTS, AND HISTO- CHEMICAL REAGENTS 1. THE ANTHRAQUINONE GROUP The anthraquinone dyes include derivatives of anthracene, 224 Biological Stains through its oxidation product anthraquinone: O. These dyes show the quinoid ring, which is the most important chromophore in nearly all the dyes to be discussed in the three fol- lowing chapters; it forms very strong chromogens, which require only the addition of auxochrome groups to be converted into strong dyes, either basic or acid. The chromogen anthraquinone is con- verted into a dye by the addition of hydroxyl groups, its best among the dyes being: 1:2 dihydroxy-anthra- quinone (alizarin) and 1:2:4 trihydroxy-anthraquinone (purpurin). Both of these compounds occur in nature in the root of madder, being the colored principles of madder extract. They have the property of combining with metallic oxides to form so-called "lakes," insoluble compounds of different color from the dye enter- ing into them. This makes them valuable ones to use after mor- danting with aluminium, iron or chromium compounds. El ALIZARIN C. I. NO. (Various grades denoted as: Alizarin P, VI, le.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Conn, H. J. (Harold Joel), 1886-1975. Geneva, N. Y. , Biotech Publications
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