. Manual of vegetable-garden insects. lar. From twenty to thirty days areusually spent in the larval stage. When full-grown the cater-pillars enter the ground, where at a short distance below thesurface they transform to mahogany brown pupse about finch in length. In about three weeks the moths emerge (). They have an ex-panse of about If front wings are brownand are marked with twomore or less distinctlighter spots near themiddle. In the reniformspot there is a small,distinct white dot. Thehind wings are dull gray,paler at the base. In New York there are usually three broods
. Manual of vegetable-garden insects. lar. From twenty to thirty days areusually spent in the larval stage. When full-grown the cater-pillars enter the ground, where at a short distance below thesurface they transform to mahogany brown pupse about finch in length. In about three weeks the moths emerge (). They have an ex-panse of about If front wings are brownand are marked with twomore or less distinctlighter spots near themiddle. In the reniformspot there is a small,distinct white dot. Thehind wings are dull gray,paler at the base. In New York there are usually three broods of caterpillarsannually; the first brood or over-wintered larvse in andMay, the second in July and the third in September, the lastnot maturing until the following spring. There are thus onlytwo generations a year in this state. In the South there are asmany as five or six generations annually. In the North thesecond brood is the most injurious but in the South either thefirst, second or third may prove the most Fig. 178. — The army-worm moth(natural size). 292 MANUAL OF VEGETABLE-GARDEN INSECTS References Third Kept. U. R. Ent. Comm., pp. 89-156. 1883. Bibliography. N. H. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 39. 1896. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 133. 1897. Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 137. 1908. Neb. State Ent. Bull. 1, pp. 41-48. 1913. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 376. 1916. Davis and Satterthwait, Jour. Agr. Research, 6, pp. 799-812. 1916. The Fall Army-Worm Laphygma frugiperda Smith and Abbot The range of the fall army-worm extends from Canadasouthward through Central America and the West Indies toArgentina, it being most injurious in the warmer parts of itsrange. It is called the fall army-worm because in the UnitedStates it usually appears in armies later in tlje season than thetrue army-worm. Destructive outbreaks have been recordedfrom Nebraska to Indiana and southward in the MississippiValley and in the Gulf states to Georgia. Along the AtlanticCoast
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