Airships past and present, together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography and the carrier pigeon . g. 104.—Ascent of a captive balloon in calm weather. The car contains Colonel Vives y Viches, of Spain, Lieutenant von Corvin, ofAustria, and Captain Sperling, of Germany. ferrous sulphate on the surface of the iron. The so-calledcirculation system was therefore introduced as an improve-ment, by which the fluids are kept in a state of circulation,and the iron sulphate is steadily removed in is very important to use pure sulphuric acid, bec
Airships past and present, together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography and the carrier pigeon . g. 104.—Ascent of a captive balloon in calm weather. The car contains Colonel Vives y Viches, of Spain, Lieutenant von Corvin, ofAustria, and Captain Sperling, of Germany. ferrous sulphate on the surface of the iron. The so-calledcirculation system was therefore introduced as an improve-ment, by which the fluids are kept in a state of circulation,and the iron sulphate is steadily removed in is very important to use pure sulphuric acid, because thecheaper kinds contain arsenic. The use of impure acid has ledto several fatal accidents, and the smallest amount of arsenic BALLOON CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 177 produces such an effect on the red corpuscles in the blood thatdeath quickly results. The vats or barrels must be lined withlead, which is the only common metal not attacked by sulphuricacid. If suitable arrangements are made, it is possible to gener-ate a large quantity of gas in a very short space of time. In1878, Henry GifTard prepared nearly 900,000 cubic feet of gas in. Fig. 105.—Ascent of a captive balloon on a windy day. three days, using in the process 180 tons of sulphuric acid and80 tons of iron turnings. It has been already mentioned that the first military use ofthe balloon took place soon after the French Revolution, andthat one of the conditions was that sulphuric acid was not to beused for the generation of the hydrogen, seeing that all availablesulphur was required for making gunpowder. Coutelle thereforedevised an arrangement by which Lavoisiers method of passing A. N 178 AIRSHIPS PAST AND PRESENT. steam over red-hot iron was used for the generation of iron retorts (old cannons were actually used) were builtinto a furnace and kept at a red heat. They were then filledwith iron turnings, and steam was turned on. Hydrogen wastherefore generated, as shown by the following formula— Fe3
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