. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COPEPOD ESCAPE RESPONSES TO SHADOWS 33 Table 1 Siiiiinitin fi/'' ivA/x>' parameters t<"' tululi A'mii/o ami malc\ / Acartia lonsa cv/xwJ Jo plume Miniiili Parameter Females Males P Latency (ins) (:29-159) (:35-138) <* Initial turn (deg) 41 3 (; 5-103) (: 12-165) <* Jump speed (mm s~') 256(10: 125-176) 293(12:83-383) Maximum speed (mm s ') 446(15:235-827) 494(16; 214-727) * Max. acceleration (m s"2) (:54-156) 128(:41-21 1) <* Num
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COPEPOD ESCAPE RESPONSES TO SHADOWS 33 Table 1 Siiiiinitin fi/'' ivA/x>' parameters t<"' tululi A'mii/o ami malc\ / Acartia lonsa cv/xwJ Jo plume Miniiili Parameter Females Males P Latency (ins) (:29-159) (:35-138) <* Initial turn (deg) 41 3 (; 5-103) (: 12-165) <* Jump speed (mm s~') 256(10: 125-176) 293(12:83-383) Maximum speed (mm s ') 446(15:235-827) 494(16; 214-727) * Max. acceleration (m s"2) (:54-156) 128(:41-21 1) <* Number of thrusts (:3-15) 4.') (; 2-9) <* Minimum speed between thrusts (mm s"') 130(:65-230) 147(:65-256) <* Thrust duration (ms) (:4-13) (:6-14) <* Jump duration (nisi (; 33-136) (; 16-70) <* Distance lumped (mm) () () <* escape jumps for males. Standard error and range are given in parentheses. Probability (P) is based on the Mann-Whitney sum rank test. An asterisk * indicates a significant difference (a = ). ing Tukey's test revealed that copepods adapted to 100 jumol photons m~2 s~' had significantly different maximum accelerations from each of the other adaptation intensities (P < ). Since no significant differences were found between be- tween escape response parameters for copepods adapted to 10, 1. or juniol photons m s , results from these three intensities were pooled for comparisons between male and female escape response parameters. Females had signifi- cantly longer response latencies than males, but signifi- cantly smaller initial turns (Table I). Although there were no significant differences in the average escape speed of males and females, males exhibited significantly higher maximum speeds and maximum accelerations than females. Females also performed significantly more thrusts per es- cape jump than did males: the time between th
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
