. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2003 Gaines: Black Bear Denning Chronology 633 New York. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5: 87-94. Paquet, P. C. and L. N. Carbyn. 1986. Wolves, Canis lupus, killing denning black bears, Ursus americanus, in the Rid- ing Mountain National Park area. Canadian Field-Naturalist 100:371-372. Pelton, M. R., L. E. Beeman, and D. C. Eager. 1980. Den selection of Black Bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. International Conference on Bear Res- earch and Management 4: 149-152. Pelton, M. R. 1985. Habitat needs of Bla
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2003 Gaines: Black Bear Denning Chronology 633 New York. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5: 87-94. Paquet, P. C. and L. N. Carbyn. 1986. Wolves, Canis lupus, killing denning black bears, Ursus americanus, in the Rid- ing Mountain National Park area. Canadian Field-Naturalist 100:371-372. Pelton, M. R., L. E. Beeman, and D. C. Eager. 1980. Den selection of Black Bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. International Conference on Bear Res- earch and Management 4: 149-152. Pelton, M. R. 1985. Habitat needs of Black Bears in the east. Pages 49-53 in Wilderness and natural areas in eastern United States: A management challenge. Edited by Kulhavy and R. N. Conner. Stephen F. Austin University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Poekler, R. J., and H. D. Hartwell. 1973. Black bear of Washington: its biology, natural history, and relationship to forest regeneration. Washington State Department of Game, Biology Bulletin (14), Olympia, Washington. Reynolds, D., and J. J. Beecham. 1980. Home range activ- ities and reproduction of Black Bears in west-central Idaho. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 3: 181-190. Rogers, L. L. 1976. Effects of mast and berry crop failures on survival, growth, and reproductive success of Black Bears. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 41: 431-438. Ross, P. I., G. E. Hornbeck, and B. L. Horejsi. 1988. Late denning Black Bear killed by grizzly bear. Journal of Mammalogy 69: 818-820. Schooley, R. L., C. R. McLaughlin, G. J. Matula, Jr., and W. B. Krohn. 1994. Denning chronology of female Black Bears: effects of food, weather, and reproduction. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 466-477. Smith, T. R. 1985. Ecology of Black Bears in the bottom- land hardwood forest in Arkansas. thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 209 pages. Smith, M. E., and E. H. Follman. 1993. Grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, predation of a denned
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