. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. 536 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 354 oval or pyriform, often bifid at Its fundus, or two-horned; it is largest in those fishes, as the PleuronectidcB, LopMus, Orthagoriscus, ancl Cydopterus, in which the air-bladder is absent. In Callyowj- mus the bifid urinary bladder extends the whole length of the abdomen. It always lies behind the rectum, generally receives the ureter or ureters nearer its fundus than its cervix, and the latter is prolonged usually into a prominent papilla behind the vent. The long cervix vesicaj in the S
. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. 536 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 354 oval or pyriform, often bifid at Its fundus, or two-horned; it is largest in those fishes, as the PleuronectidcB, LopMus, Orthagoriscus, ancl Cydopterus, in which the air-bladder is absent. In Callyowj- mus the bifid urinary bladder extends the whole length of the abdomen. It always lies behind the rectum, generally receives the ureter or ureters nearer its fundus than its cervix, and the latter is prolonged usually into a prominent papilla behind the vent. The long cervix vesicaj in the Salmon is surrounded by a venous plexus. In the Sturgeon the wide ureters extend along the outer borders of the kidneys, and re- ceive the vasa deferentia or the oviducts in their course towards the cloaca, where they unite into a short duct which forms the com- mon outlet of the urinary and generative products. The kidneys are long, narrow, but distinct from each other in all the Ganoid Fishes and in the Lepldosiren. In the Lophius the kidneys present a more compact form, and are situated wide apart, far forwards in the abdomen, in depressions on either side of the origins of the ' retractores palati.' The kidneys of the Plagiostomes are also of a more compact form than in Osseous Fishes, and are always distinct, and generally show a cerebriform convoluted or lobulated exterior: the primary branches of the uriniferous tubes are fewer, and their dichotomous ramifications niorenumerous:' the ureteric trunk becomes superficial along the inner and fore-part of the hinder half of each kidney; after quitting which it dilates in the Grey Shark (^Galeus) into a kind of receptacle, fig. 352, m, behind each oviduct or vas deferens, and communicating with its fellow near the cloaca, terminates by a single urethral canal upon a kind of penis or clitoris, ib. o, at the back of the anus, within a large common cloaca. In the Torpedo, the ureters terminate on the cloacal papilla by two dis- '
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