The analysis of fuel, gas, water, and lubricants . t,and the correction is minus instead of plus, a reduction of thesubtrahend operating as a plus correction. Similarly, if thetemperature is rising at the time c, the system is gaining heatand the correction for the period c — b should be minus insteadof plus. In the case of coals where the approximate total rise isunknown, and hence the time reading b at the six-tenths pointuncertain, it is only necessary to take readings at 15-sec. intervalsfor approximately 2 min. These observations will enable oneto readily locate the six-tenth point when a
The analysis of fuel, gas, water, and lubricants . t,and the correction is minus instead of plus, a reduction of thesubtrahend operating as a plus correction. Similarly, if thetemperature is rising at the time c, the system is gaining heatand the correction for the period c — b should be minus insteadof plus. In the case of coals where the approximate total rise isunknown, and hence the time reading b at the six-tenths pointuncertain, it is only necessary to take readings at 15-sec. intervalsfor approximately 2 min. These observations will enable oneto readily locate the six-tenth point when all the readings are CALORTMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 41 completed. This formula has been devised by Dr. Dickinsonof the U. S. Bureau of Standards, and has been adopted by thejoint committee of the American Chemical Society and theAmerican Society for Testing Materials on Standard Methods forCoal It is exceedingly convenient and accurate, andin the report of the committee, entirely replaces the veryelaborate and tedious method of Pfaundler.^. Fig. 13.—A calorimeter of the adiabatic type. Adiabatic Insulation.—To avoid the necessity of accounting lorradiation losses and eliminating possible errors, as also to simplifythe matter of readings and calculations, various methcjds ofinsulation involving adiabatic conditions have been developed. 1 U. S. Bureau of Standards, Scientific Paper, 230. 2 Am. Soo. for Testing Mat., Standards, p. 570, 1916. For an excellent presentation of the Pfaundler formula see WhitesGas and Fuel , 2d ed., p. 268, 1920, or 1st ed., p. 224, 1913. 42 FUEL, GAS, WATER AND LUBRICATION To be thoroughly effective these methods should involve com-
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