. A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families. pansion of the chest, the muscles thatelevated the ribs relax, together with the diaphragm. Theelasticity of the cartilages of the ribs depresses them,and the cavity of the chest is diminished, attended by theexpulsion of a portion of the air from the lungs. At thesame time, the muscles that form the front walls of the 478. Describe the action of the intercostal muscles upon the ribs. 479. How does the elevation of the tenth rib compare with the second ?What effect has this elevation upon the lat
. A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families. pansion of the chest, the muscles thatelevated the ribs relax, together with the diaphragm. Theelasticity of the cartilages of the ribs depresses them,and the cavity of the chest is diminished, attended by theexpulsion of a portion of the air from the lungs. At thesame time, the muscles that form the front walls of the 478. Describe the action of the intercostal muscles upon the ribs. 479. How does the elevation of the tenth rib compare with the second ?What effect has this elevation upon the lateral diameter of the chest ? 480. Describe the process of inspiration. 481. Describe the process bywhich the air is forced out of the lungs. 220 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. abdominal cavity, contract, and press the alimentary canal,stomach, and liver, upward against the diaphragm ; this, beingrelaxed, yields to the pressure, rises upward, and pressesupon the lungs, which retreat before it, and another portionof air is expelled from these organs. This process is calledexpiration. K«. Fig. 96. A front view of tlie chest and abdomen in respiration. 1, 1, The positionof the walls of the chest in inspiration. 2, 2, 2, The position of the diaphragm ininspiration 3, 3, The position of the walls of the chest in expiration. 4, 4, 4, Theposition of the diaphragm in expiration. 5, 5, The position of the walls of the abdo-men in inspiration. 6, 6, The position of the abdominal walls in expiration. 482. Thus it is obvious that the enlargement of the chest,or inspiration, is produced in two ways : 1st. By the depres-sion of the convex portion of the diaphragm ; 2d. By theelevation of the ribs. On the contrary, the contraction of the Explain fig. 96. 482. In how many ways may the chest be enlarged, andhow is it accomplished ? How is the contraction of the chest effected ? PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 221 chest, or expiration, is produced by the depression of the ribs,and
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