. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE n No. 226 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief May 27, PROFESSIONAL PAPER. THE VERBENA BUD MOTH. By D. E. Fink, Entomological Assistant, Truck Crop1 and Stored Product Insect Investigations. (In cooperation with the Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Norfolk, Va.) CONTENTS. Page. Introduction and history 1 Name and synonymy 2 Distribution 2 Food plants 2 Description 3 Habits and seasonal history 4 Methods of control 6 Bibliography 7 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY. During the fall of 1913


. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE n No. 226 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief May 27, PROFESSIONAL PAPER. THE VERBENA BUD MOTH. By D. E. Fink, Entomological Assistant, Truck Crop1 and Stored Product Insect Investigations. (In cooperation with the Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Norfolk, Va.) CONTENTS. Page. Introduction and history 1 Name and synonymy 2 Distribution 2 Food plants 2 Description 3 Habits and seasonal history 4 Methods of control 6 Bibliography 7 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY. During the fall of 1913 a bed of ornamental snapdragon (Antirrhi- num) at the Virginia truck experiment station, Norfolk, Va., was found to be infested by the larvse of a bud moth. The adults were reared and identified as Olethreutes hebesana Walk., or the verbena bud moth. Although long ago recognized as injurious to certain ornamentals, it appears that no attempt had been made to determine its life history, with the exception of a short note regarding the habits of the larva and a description of the different stages. Since 1868, at which date it was fully described, an interval of over 46 years has elapsed and but little has been published concerning it. The first intimation we have of this insect as a pest occurs in a letter by A. S. Fuller, forwarded in 1868 with specimens to C. V. Riley, then State entomologist of Missouri. Riley reared the adults from the seeds of Tigridia and later identified the moth as an undescribed species belonging to the tortricid genus Penthina. In honor of the discoverer Riley named the species fullerea. At about the same time two other workers independently discovered the same insect doing injury to flowering plants. Mrs. Mary Treat found it exceedingly 1 This term is used in its broadest sense and includes all vegetables, and in addition ornamental plants.—f. h. c. Note.—This bulletin gives the life history of the verbena bud moth, its food plants, and methods, fo


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