The earth and its inhabitants The earth and its inhabitants .. earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 470 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. it is surpassed even by those of such countries as Portugal and Eumania. The system also labours under the commercial inconvenience of using different gauges, though this presents the anticipated strategic advantage of preventing the German trains from penetrating into the country. On the main lines the five-foot gauge prevails. Eailway accidents are, on an average, more frequent in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. The centre of the system is at Moscow, where the five main
The earth and its inhabitants The earth and its inhabitants .. earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 470 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. it is surpassed even by those of such countries as Portugal and Eumania. The system also labours under the commercial inconvenience of using different gauges, though this presents the anticipated strategic advantage of preventing the German trains from penetrating into the country. On the main lines the five-foot gauge prevails. Eailway accidents are, on an average, more frequent in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. The centre of the system is at Moscow, where the five main lines converge, and where the passenger and goods traffic is about double that of St. Petersburg.* From this centre the lines run westwards to the Central European network, Fig. 253.—Growth of Attendance in the Russian Gymnasia and Universities prom 1808 to 1877. Upper Curve : Studen''s of the Gymnasia. Lower Curve : University Students. southwards to Odessa, Taganrog, and the Caucasus, eastwards to the Volga at various points, and beyond it to Orenburg. But they do not yet reach the Caspian or Central Asia, though an isolated line connects Perm with Yekaterinenburg, beyond the Urals. The northern lines stop at Vologda, so that the Finnish and Scandinavian systems advance much nearer to the Arctic Ocean than does the Russian. Some of the great trunk lines also pass from 3 to Smiles from such important places as Tver, Orol, Kursk, to the great inconvenience of passengers. * Moscow (1873), 1,903,954 passengers; 3,034,000 tons; St. Petersburg, 1,050,213 passengers; 1,287,000 tons. Total passengers (1879), 38,000,001) ; merchandise, 1,510,000 tons.
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