. The street railway review . tv for an) changes,so that when we do build we are forced to be absolutelysure of both its efficiency and durability. In laying the Dublin tracks an excavation was firstmade to the depth of 12 inches and a layer of the bestconcrete laid and tamped to a uniform thickness of 6inches, making a solid foundation 8 ft. 6 in. wide foreach track. This is then allowed to set. Next the railsare laid resting directlj- on the concrete and the tie-barsplaced and the track brought to a guage which is 5 ft. 3in. A half inch of sand follows the concrete, and in thisare set the pa


. The street railway review . tv for an) changes,so that when we do build we are forced to be absolutelysure of both its efficiency and durability. In laying the Dublin tracks an excavation was firstmade to the depth of 12 inches and a layer of the bestconcrete laid and tamped to a uniform thickness of 6inches, making a solid foundation 8 ft. 6 in. wide foreach track. This is then allowed to set. Next the railsare laid resting directlj- on the concrete and the tie-barsplaced and the track brought to a guage which is 5 ft. 3in. A half inch of sand follows the concrete, and in thisare set the paving blocks, which are 6 in. high, making asolid construction, and all of lasting materials. The rails are flush with the pavement, and make a per-fectly smooth crossing for carriages. The paving is thor-oughly tarred and made impervious to water. Of recentyears the average cost of construction has been about$10,000 per mile of single track; which amount variessomewhat according to local conditions of ground and costof 79 HYGIENE AND VETERINARY. BY JOSEPH D. , M. D., V. S. IN our Ih<iii;M, and \i:tkhin.\k\ I)i;i.\i<imi;.\tof last months issue of tlic Stkhkt RailwayRiAiKW we called attention to the fact that a pureuncontaminated atmosphere is essential for the main-tenance of health, strength and endurance, and that avitiated atmosphere is one of the prolific causes of dis-ease. These facts are worthy of the most careful obser\a-tion by all horse owners, because they call special atten-tion to a most important sanitary law, ^■iz.: that of theproper ventilation of stables. The popular idea,however, of ventilation and its relation to the health ofanimals is so very indehnite that it is no wonder at allthat it is so often neglected. Very few men outside ofthe medical profession care to know anything about thefunctions of the lungs, the properties of the atmosphereand the chemical changes which takes place in the bloodthrough the interchange of carbonic aci


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Keywords: ., book, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectstreetrailroads