History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . 1824 to 1828 the average was thirty-twoand a half per cent. Importation remainedcopious, notwithstanding, which made thecry for protection louder than ever. From Quincy Adamss presidency thetariff question becomes on the one handpolitical, dividing Whigs from Democratsabout exactly, which had never been thecase before, and on the other, sectional, theWest, the Centre, and now also the East,pitted against the solid South, exceptLouisiana. The year 1824 heard Web-sters last speech for free trade and sawCalho
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . 1824 to 1828 the average was thirty-twoand a half per cent. Importation remainedcopious, notwithstanding, which made thecry for protection louder than ever. From Quincy Adamss presidency thetariff question becomes on the one handpolitical, dividing Whigs from Democratsabout exactly, which had never been thecase before, and on the other, sectional, theWest, the Centre, and now also the East,pitted against the solid South, exceptLouisiana. The year 1824 heard Web-sters last speech for free trade and sawCalhouns and Jacksons last vote for pro-tection. However, so strong was the protec-tionist sentiment in the XXth Congress,though democratic, that free-traders couldhope to defeat the new tariff bill of 1828only by rendering it odious to New Eng-land. They therefore conspired to makeprohibitive its rates for Smyrna wool, andnearly so those on iron, hemp, and cordagefor ship-building; also on molasses, the rawmaterial for rum, whereon no drawback waslonger to be allov^ed if it was John Quincy a picture by Gilbert Stuart. t828J THE GREAT NULLIFICATION 67 The Whigs had arranged, to be nowpassed, a series of minimum .-rates on wool-lens, by which all costing over fifty centsa square yard were to pay as if costing$, and all over this as if costing $ rate was to be forty per cent, the firstyear, forty-five the second, and fifty there-after. This illustrates the famops minimumprinciple, which has played such a figure inall our tariff history since I816, its effectbeing always to make the tariff much higherthan it seems. Thus in the case before us,most of the woollens then imported costabout ninety cents. If based on this price,the tariff would be thirty-six per cent., butif based on $ as the price, it wouldmount up to one hundred and ten percent. To prevent this and to render thebill still more unpalatable to the Whigs,the Democrats introduced a dollar
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