Californian gold rush -San Francisco USA in 1849 from the top of Clay January 24, 1848, James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter originally from New Jersey, found flakes of gold in the American River at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Coloma, California. At the time Sutter's water-powered sawmill used enslaved Indian natives. Others such as Henry Bigler & Azariah Smith along with other mill workers were veterans of the Mormon volunteer military Battalion.

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