. The medical and surgical uses of electricity : including the X-ray, Finsen light, vibratory therapeutics, and high-frequency currents . fications of old batteries are de-vised, but all of them are based on the general principle that chemicaction of any sort whatsoever is attended by the evolution of electricity. We present below brief descriptions of some of the principal batteriesthat are now in use. All, or nearly all of them, in their original shape,or under various modifications, are used in electro-therapeutics. We shallnot attempt to exhaust the list, but to illustrate those that are b
. The medical and surgical uses of electricity : including the X-ray, Finsen light, vibratory therapeutics, and high-frequency currents . fications of old batteries are de-vised, but all of them are based on the general principle that chemicaction of any sort whatsoever is attended by the evolution of electricity. We present below brief descriptions of some of the principal batteriesthat are now in use. All, or nearly all of them, in their original shape,or under various modifications, are used in electro-therapeutics. We shallnot attempt to exhaust the list, but to illustrate those that are best known,most useful, and are most thoroughly representative. Those who under-stand the principle on which these batteries are constructed will not findit difficult to understand any new modification of them that may arise. Here let us interpose the remark that the time and energy that are de-voted to the study of the chemistry of batteries will not be wasted time—will indeed be spent most wisely—for half the annoyances of young andold electro-therapeutists comes from the difficulty of keeping their batter- 22 ies in order. This difficulty will be diminished one-half and more whenwe really understand the mechanism of batteries and the laws that governtheir action. Simple Voltaic Cells.—In the formation of a simple voltaic cell thereare usually metals and a 15 constitutes such a cell. Let C and Z represent respectively plates of copper and zinc intro-duced into dilute acid, and connected by a wire. Chemic action takes place over all the surface of the zinccovered by the liquid. Positive elec-tricity is generated at the zinc element,and ilows through the liquid to the cop-per, and thus a constant current is es-tablished over the wires, as shown bythe arrows. So far as the chemic action is con-cerned, it matters not whether the platestouch each other or are connected bywires, as in the figure. A current isformed, whether contact is made be-twee
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