. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 130 T. YASUMOTO ET AL. OH. I : R = H H : R = FIGURE 1. Okadaic acid (I) and one if its diolesters (II) from Prorocentrum lima. Among the five hemolysins of A. carteri, hemolysin-1 and -2 were more abundant than the other three. The structures of hemolysin-1 and -2 were determined to be O-j3-D-galactopyranosyl-( 1 -1 )-3-O-octadecatetraenoyl-D-glycerol and O-«-D-galac- tosyl-( 1 -6)-O-/3-D-galactopyranosyl-( 1 -1 )-3-O-octadecatetraenoyl-D-glycerol, respec- tively (Fig. 2). The hemolytic activities of hemolysin-1 and -2 were
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 130 T. YASUMOTO ET AL. OH. I : R = H H : R = FIGURE 1. Okadaic acid (I) and one if its diolesters (II) from Prorocentrum lima. Among the five hemolysins of A. carteri, hemolysin-1 and -2 were more abundant than the other three. The structures of hemolysin-1 and -2 were determined to be O-j3-D-galactopyranosyl-( 1 -1 )-3-O-octadecatetraenoyl-D-glycerol and O-«-D-galac- tosyl-( 1 -6)-O-/3-D-galactopyranosyl-( 1 -1 )-3-O-octadecatetraenoyl-D-glycerol, respec- tively (Fig. 2). The hemolytic activities of hemolysin-1 and -2 were 80% and 25% of that of the commercial saponin (Merck), respectively. The hemolytic activities of hemolysin-3, -4, and -5 were 100, 9, and 2 times more potent than the commercial saponin, respectively. Their chemical structures were indicated to be entirely different from those of hemolysin-1 and -2. Further structural work is under way. Maitotoxin judged to be homogeneous by HPLC and TLC was obtained as an amorphous solid. It was extremely lethal to mice ( Mg/kg, ip). Mass spectra sug- gested the molecular weight of 3402 ± 2 (m/z). Chemical and spectral analyses indi- cated the absence of any amino acid or fatty acid moieties in the molecule. Further analyses of the structure are underway. DISCUSSION The occurrence of diverse toxins in benthic dinoflagellates was confirmed. Out of the nine species tested, six produced mouse-lethal toxins, three ichthyotoxins, and all species produced hemolytic substances. Such a high occurrence of toxins is a charac- HO HO HO HO HO HO O :OH HO O Hemolysin I Hemolysin II FIGURE 2. Hemolysin I and II from Amphidinium Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
