. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. 1064 MARINE METEOROLOGY equation [32] directly to determine the monthly aver- ages of Qe within the same five areas for which he determined Qh-^ He does not attempt to evaluate the equation empirically against the available obser- vational materials and he resorts to humidity data from land stations as a substitute for observations at sea. His monthly averages for Qe appear somewhat too large during summer (the three-month summer average for the five areas proves to be 116 cal cm~^ day~^). RATE OF TOTAL HEAT LOSS FROM THE OCEANS THROUGH CONVECTION The
. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. 1064 MARINE METEOROLOGY equation [32] directly to determine the monthly aver- ages of Qe within the same five areas for which he determined Qh-^ He does not attempt to evaluate the equation empirically against the available obser- vational materials and he resorts to humidity data from land stations as a substitute for observations at sea. His monthly averages for Qe appear somewhat too large during summer (the three-month summer average for the five areas proves to be 116 cal cm~^ day~^). RATE OF TOTAL HEAT LOSS FROM THE OCEANS THROUGH CONVECTION The only method for directly estimating the total convective heat loss Qa from a water surface appears to be the one recently developed by Montgomery [17]. He presents a detailed discussion of methods for esti- mating the total eddy flux of heat from a moist surface tion of the vertical component of velocity, then the unit-area eddy flux of heat is (pViht) and ^j cUTea - T^), (14) where k is the eddy diffusivity (Richardson), Cpd is the isobaric specific heat of dry air. Tea is the mean equiva- lent temperature at the surface, and Teb is the same quantity at a chosen, short distance above. For this purpose, the equivalent temperature of a sample of air is defined as the temperature of dry air having the same enthalpy. Montgomery's method, however, has not yet been made applicable to the type of observational materials generally available in the marine climatic record. Fur- thermore, the meteorologist generally is more interested in the separate fractions of the energy exchange, Qh. 160 Eott IBO W«»t 160 Fig. 3.—The annual values of the rate of total energy loss from the ocean surface through convection (Qa = Qi, + Qe) over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, expressed in calories per square centimeter per day. by combining the effects of heat transfer by conduction and heat transfer by evaporation (or surface condensa- tion) and, after deriving several general expressions, he
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