. Beginners' botany. Botany. 136 BEGINNERS' BOTANY Fig. 176. — Simple Pistils of But- tercup, one in longitudinal sec- tion. leaf as if rolled into a tube; and an anther, a leaf of which the edges may have been turned in on the midrib. The pistil may be of one part or com- partment, or of many parts. The different units or parts of which it is composed are carpels. Each carpel is homologous with a leaf. Each carpel bears one or more seeds. A pistil of one carpel is simple; of two or more carpels, compound. Usu- ally the structure of the pistil may be de- termined by cutting horizontally across
. Beginners' botany. Botany. 136 BEGINNERS' BOTANY Fig. 176. — Simple Pistils of But- tercup, one in longitudinal sec- tion. leaf as if rolled into a tube; and an anther, a leaf of which the edges may have been turned in on the midrib. The pistil may be of one part or com- partment, or of many parts. The different units or parts of which it is composed are carpels. Each carpel is homologous with a leaf. Each carpel bears one or more seeds. A pistil of one carpel is simple; of two or more carpels, compound. Usu- ally the structure of the pistil may be de- termined by cutting horizontally across the lower or seed- bearing part, as Figs. 177, 178 explain. A flower may contain a simple pistil (one carpel), as the pea (Fig. 177); several simple pis- tils (several separate carpels), as the buttercup (Fig. 176); or a componnd pistil with carpels united, as the Saint John's wort (Fig. 178) and apple. How many carpels in an apple.' A peach t An okra pod t A bean pod ? The seed cavity in each carpel is called a locule (Latin locus, a place). In these locules the seeds, are boi'ue. Conformation of the Flower. — A flower that has calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistils is said to be complete (Fig. 173); all others are incomplete. In some flowers both the floral envelopes are wanting: such are naked. When one of the floral envelope series is wanting, the remaining series is said to be calyx, and the flower is therefore apetalous (without petals). The knot-. FiG. 177, — Pistil of Garden Pea, the stamens being pulled down in order to dis- close it; also a section showing the single compartment (com- pare Fig. 188). Fig. 178.— Compound Pistil of a St. John's Wort. It has 5 Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bailey, L. H. (Liberty Hyde), 1858-1954. New York, The Macmillan company
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