. Spons' dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and naval; with technical terms in French, German, Italian, and Spanish . and lastly,the level of the back-^water may vary in a certain degree without lessening the proportion of usefulwork, since the turbine may work immersed in the back-water to a depth equal to the versed sineof the arc upon which the water is brought. But to realize all these advantages, the blades, bothmoving and fixed, must have all the improvements of form and dimensions introduced into the bestvertical tm-bines. The only horizontal turbines which satisfy
. Spons' dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and naval; with technical terms in French, German, Italian, and Spanish . and lastly,the level of the back-^water may vary in a certain degree without lessening the proportion of usefulwork, since the turbine may work immersed in the back-water to a depth equal to the versed sineof the arc upon which the water is brought. But to realize all these advantages, the blades, bothmoving and fixed, must have all the improvements of form and dimensions introduced into the bestvertical tm-bines. The only horizontal turbines which satisfy all these conditions are those of M. Girard. Theseturbines may be applied with equal success to very high and to very low falls. The Exhibition of1867 contained no specimen of these remarkable wheels ; but we will give examples of two kindshere. Fig. 4067 represents a small turbine on this system, adapted for a very high fall and a smallvolume of water. This model is equally aj)plicable as the special motor of a machine-tool or of alifting machine, such as paper machines, cranes, and so on. The wheel a is fixed upon the end of a horizontal shaft h h, which is provided with one or more pulleys. The water is brought througha pipe bolted upon the orifice c of the injector. The whole is erected upon a single bed-plate,which thus renders all the parts solid with each other. Fig. 4068 represents a large tm-bine which works directly and without gearing a horizontalwater-pump with a plunger-piston and double action, of which M. Gii-ard has lately made manyand remarkable applications for raising water for supplying towns. It will be easily seen thatthis turbine may be applied (as indeed it has been) to any kind of mill. The_ wheel a iserected upon a horizontal wrought-iron shaft, and rests upon two cushions. The injector h sup-plies the turbine upon a small portion only of the cii-cumference, which allows large orifices to beused. The proportion of useful work reached by these tm
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, bookidsp, booksubjectengineering
