. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. seand energetic king, Louis the Fat (1108-37) • There was nothingsluggish about him but his physique. With admirable firmnesshe crushed out the petty barons who defied his power nearParis, and gave his domain-land law, order, and a wise admin-istration. This was the foundation for later development; butfirst the kingdom must pass through a sore ordeal in the daysof the inefficient Louis VII (1137-80). THE RISE OF THE FRENCH KINGDOM 87 In 1154, Henry II became King of England. He was farmore than that; by inheritance or marriage
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. seand energetic king, Louis the Fat (1108-37) • There was nothingsluggish about him but his physique. With admirable firmnesshe crushed out the petty barons who defied his power nearParis, and gave his domain-land law, order, and a wise admin-istration. This was the foundation for later development; butfirst the kingdom must pass through a sore ordeal in the daysof the inefficient Louis VII (1137-80). THE RISE OF THE FRENCH KINGDOM 87 In 1154, Henry II became King of England. He was farmore than that; by inheritance or marriage he was simul-taneously Duke, or feudal Lord, of Normandy, Anjou, andAquitaine, and many adjacent lands — , of nearly two thirdsof the great states of France. He was of remarkableability and corresponding vigor. That such a ruler irked atdoing homage for his great French holdings to the feeble rulerat Paris passed without saying. The natural thing to expectwould be for him to try to unite his English and French landsinto a single independent GENERAL VIEW OF THE LOUVRE AT THE TIME OF PHILIP AUGUSTUS (1180-1223) (Restored.) The Louvre at this time was part palace, part fortress. It occupiedroughly the space of the great court of the Louvre of to-day. Of the building hereshown only a few fragments of wall and the foundations now remain. 43. Philip Augustus, maker of France. Again the good for-tune of the Capetians saved them. Henry had his heavytroubles with his English subjects. His own sons also raisedwar against him, and always found refuge and help awaiting 88 HISTORY OF EUROPE them at Paris. His lesser barons had their turn at 1180, there came to the throne of France the man who wasto see the ruin of Henry and his empire. Philip Augustus(1180-1223) was perhaps the ablest monarch of the wholeFrench line. Admirablehis character was not. He was cold,sly, tortuous, unscrupulous. He was no mean warrior, but hepreferred to conquer by intrigue. No g
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