. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 251 teres ligament. Many muscles of the thigh and body wall are attached to the coxal bone, which also serves to support the abdominal viscera. The two coxal bones together with the sacrum and coccyx form the pelvis, the shape of which differs somewhat in the two sexes. Femur. The femur or thighbone, which is the largest bone of the body, has a shaft and two extremities. The upper extremity includes a hemispherical head, a neck, and two trochanters, the greater and lesser. The large gluteus muscle of the buttocks is inserted on t
. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 251 teres ligament. Many muscles of the thigh and body wall are attached to the coxal bone, which also serves to support the abdominal viscera. The two coxal bones together with the sacrum and coccyx form the pelvis, the shape of which differs somewhat in the two sexes. Femur. The femur or thighbone, which is the largest bone of the body, has a shaft and two extremities. The upper extremity includes a hemispherical head, a neck, and two trochanters, the greater and lesser. The large gluteus muscle of the buttocks is inserted on the greater trochan- ter while the psoas muscle is connected with the lesser trochanter. Between the two extends the ridge of the intertrochanteric crest. On the anterior side of the femur, the tendonous capsule of the hipjoint is attached to the intertrochanteric line which separates neck and Jblood vessel ^COMPACT BONE ARTICULAR LIGAMENT Fig. 208.—Diagram of the structure of a long bone. (Redrawn after Kahn's "Das Leben des Menschen," W. Keller & Co.) Among the remarkable adaptations manifested in the femur none is more amazing than the arrangement of bony lamellae within the calcellous bone of the upper extremity in such wise as to withstand the stresses and strains of supporting the weight of the body with a maximum of strength and minimum weight of material. The relations of the parts resemble those of a Fairbairn's crane. In addition, the femurs together with the coxal bone and sacrum form a natural arch of which the sacrum is the keystone. The shaft of the femur is nearly cylindrical but on its dorsal side the linea aspera extends as a ridge throughout its entire length. Several muscles have their insertion along this line. The lower extremity of the femur is distinguished by two articulating condyles, the median and the lateral, separated by an intercondylar fossa. Patella. The knee-pan is a flattened bone which develops in the tendon of the quadr
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