. The Bell System technical journal . differential bias V2 — Vi the transition becomes sharp andthe device is a good slicer. If the two diodes are equally biased as shown on Fig. 15D the outputsof the two branches should be nearly equal regardless of input and thetotal output, which is the difference between the two branch outputs,will always be small. Fig. 16 shows a microwave equivalent of the circuit of Fig. 15A. Inthe microwave structure lengths of wave-guide replace the wire lines andbranching, recombining and isolation are accomplished by means ofhybrid junctions. The hybrid shown here i
. The Bell System technical journal . differential bias V2 — Vi the transition becomes sharp andthe device is a good slicer. If the two diodes are equally biased as shown on Fig. 15D the outputsof the two branches should be nearly equal regardless of input and thetotal output, which is the difference between the two branch outputs,will always be small. Fig. 16 shows a microwave equivalent of the circuit of Fig. 15A. Inthe microwave structure lengths of wave-guide replace the wire lines andbranching, recombining and isolation are accomplished by means ofhybrid junctions. The hybrid shown here is of the type known as the lAjunction. Fig. 17 shows another equivalent microwave structure employing onlyone hybrid. This is the type used in the experiments described here. The[output consists of the combined energies reflected from the two sidejarms of the junction. With the junction connected as shown phase rela-Itionships are such that the output is the difference between the reflec- GATINGPULSE ^(—r-V\^^^ RFINPUT ARM PROBE. TERMINATION I ARM 4 I—vw-^ Fig. 16 — Microwave regenerator. 86 THE BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL, JANUARY 1956 tions from the two side arms so that when conditions in the two armsare identical there is no output. The crystal diodes coupled to the sidearms are equivalent to those shunted across the two lines of Fig. 15A. Fig. 18, which is a plot of the measured input-output characteristicof the regenerator used in the loop test, shows how the device acts as acombined sheer and retimer. Curve A, ol)tained with equal biases on thetwo diodes, is the characteristic with no gating pulse applied thediodes are normally biased in this manner. It is seen that this conditionproduces the maximum of loss through the device. By shifting one diodebias so as to produce a differential of volt the characteristic changesto that of Curve B. This differential bias can be supplied by the timingpulse in such a way that this pulse shifts the characteristic fr
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