Preparing land for irrigation and methods of applying water . sandand gravel is the usual mixture. It is laid in place across the head ofthe tract to be watered, in sections of about 12 feet. Special molds aredesigned to hold the concrete in place until it partially sets, when themolds are removed. A flume of this kinda is shown in figure IT. Bycomparing the dimensionsof this 10-inch flume with asimilar size of the kind pre-viously described it will beseen that the latter containsmore material of decidedlygreater strength. Theseadvantages are offset bygreater cost. For distributing the waterfr
Preparing land for irrigation and methods of applying water . sandand gravel is the usual mixture. It is laid in place across the head ofthe tract to be watered, in sections of about 12 feet. Special molds aredesigned to hold the concrete in place until it partially sets, when themolds are removed. A flume of this kinda is shown in figure IT. Bycomparing the dimensionsof this 10-inch flume with asimilar size of the kind pre-viously described it will beseen that the latter containsmore material of decidedlygreater strength. Theseadvantages are offset bygreater cost. For distributing the waterfrom the flume to a largenumber of furrows devices <—somewhat similar to those FlG-17—Cross section of 1(Mncl1 concrete flume-already described under the head of cement-mortar flumes are used. Cement pipes.—Both cement and salt-glazed vitrified pipes are occa-sionally used in place of earthen head ditches. These pipes are toocommon to need any detailed description. They are placed deepenough not to interfere with plowing, but seldom more than 2 feet. Id «As made by S. J. White, of Redlands, Cal. 43 beneath the surface, and various contrivances have been designed,some of which are controlled by patents, to distribute the water to alarge number of furrows in nearly equal and constant streams. A practice lately introduced in citrus orchards is to distribute thewater from the cement pipes by means of short standpipes of the samematerial which terminate in semicircular basins of cement basin has about six holes in the curved portion, through whichwater is fed to the furrows. The water may be turned on or off byoperating a small rubber-faced valve, which is fitted over the top ofthe standpipe and is flush with the bottom of the basin. The present (March 1, 1904) prices of cement pipe of different sizesat Los Angeles, CaL, are as given in the following table: Prices of cement pipe at Los Angeles, CaL Insidediameterof pipe. Priceper foot. Thickness. Weightper foot.
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