. Bell telephone magazine . at narrowing thedifference between the practicallyachievable product of the factory amithe ideal of perfection toward whichwe strive. We have made greatgains, as all of you know. Thesegains have come out of organized re-search along several lines, two ofwhich I want especially to describe. Right AFTER the first World War,we undertook research on submarinetelegraph cables which led to en-hanced interest in magnetic materialsof high initial permeability to makefeasible the inductive loading ofocean cables and thus an improve-ment in telegraph speed. A nickel-iron allo
. Bell telephone magazine . at narrowing thedifference between the practicallyachievable product of the factory amithe ideal of perfection toward whichwe strive. We have made greatgains, as all of you know. Thesegains have come out of organized re-search along several lines, two ofwhich I want especially to describe. Right AFTER the first World War,we undertook research on submarinetelegraph cables which led to en-hanced interest in magnetic materialsof high initial permeability to makefeasible the inductive loading ofocean cables and thus an improve-ment in telegraph speed. A nickel-iron alloy had been discovered anda heat treatment devised which led toa solution of this problem. Otheruses for such alloys were sought andfound, and a greatly expanded inves-tigation of magnetic alloys was un-dertaken. Fundamental understand-ing of the process of magnetizationwas lacking, and so we endeavored tofind out why a combination of nickeland iron was so much better thaneither of them alone. At the same time, we pursued a. ./ perspective cross-section of the new re-ceiver, showing the ring-type coil and the (Iodic diaphragm cut-and-try procedure and mixed uphundreds of combinations of nickel,iron, cobalt, and other elements, andsubjected them to a variety of heattreatments. Early returns camefrom this strictly empirical type ofresearch, as often happens. We are still working on the funda-mental research which at first trailedthe cut-and-try method but laterpointed the way to further improve-ment. As magnetic research went on, newmaterials were developed with everbetter properties: materials, for ex-ample, that were a hundred times eas-ier to magnetize than is iron, andothers very hard to de-magnetize thatmade excellent permanent of this work came materials de-signed to have qualities especially de-sirable for many applications in ourbusiness: among them was the tele-phone receiver. Three different al- Bell Telephone Magazine SPRING loys were developed to meet the s
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