. The structure and classification of birds . s of the Passerine Birds, i. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 506; Notes on theAnatomy of Passerine Birds, ii. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 447; iii. ibid. p. 523; 1878, p. 143. The following papers are due to FORBES : Contributionsto the Anatomy of Passerine Birds, P. Z. S. 1880-2. X 178 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS the group first concern one of the two views that we havereferred to above. The reasons which lead us to agree withGARBOD and FORBESs separation of a group Desmodactyli,as opposed to the remaining Passeres, which are to be so-called Ele

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. The structure and classification of birds . s of the Passerine Birds, i. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 506; Notes on theAnatomy of Passerine Birds, ii. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 447; iii. ibid. p. 523; 1878, p. 143. The following papers are due to FORBES : Contributionsto the Anatomy of Passerine Birds, P. Z. S. 1880-2. X 178 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS the group first concern one of the two views that we havereferred to above. The reasons which lead us to agree withGARBOD and FORBESs separation of a group Desmodactyli,as opposed to the remaining Passeres, which are to be so-called Eleutherodactyli, are as follows : The Menuridae(Pseudoscines of SCLATER and FURBRINGER) are clearly insome respects degenerate forms. The clavicle has becomerudimentary, and the muscles of the syrinx, while approach-ing the typical oscinine form, where these muscles arenumerous and strong, have become to some degree weakenedby loss. On the other hand the Eurylsemidae, while they haveretained the typical mesomyodian syrinx—typical, because it.

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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1898