. Diseases of bees. Bees. EUROPEAN FOULBROOD. 11 finally filling it more or less completely (PI. VII, J). The growth does not always take place uniformly along the peritrophic membrane (PI. VII, J), nor does it extend beyond it (PI. VII, I, J, K), but is inclosed withm the sac, the tissues of the larvae not being reached. The mul- tiplication of the organism after the death of the host, if, indeed, it takes place at all, is limited. Secondary invaders, chiefly Bacillus alvei, BacteHwm emydice, Streptococcus apis, and occasionally Baaillus orpheus, and a few others, are encountered at various s
. Diseases of bees. Bees. EUROPEAN FOULBROOD. 11 finally filling it more or less completely (PI. VII, J). The growth does not always take place uniformly along the peritrophic membrane (PI. VII, J), nor does it extend beyond it (PI. VII, I, J, K), but is inclosed withm the sac, the tissues of the larvae not being reached. The mul- tiplication of the organism after the death of the host, if, indeed, it takes place at all, is limited. Secondary invaders, chiefly Bacillus alvei, BacteHwm emydice, Streptococcus apis, and occasionally Baaillus orpheus, and a few others, are encountered at various stages of the disease and during the decay of the lar\'a. During the life of the larva these species also remain within the peritrophic BACILLUS ALVEI Bacillus alvei (fig. 2; PL VII, D, F) is present very frequently and in very large numbers in larvae dead of European foulbrood. The species was well described by Cheyne (4). Descriptions maybe found elsewhere also (11, 13). It is readily recognized and may be differentiated easily from other spore - producing species occa- sionally encountered in the dis- eased brood. Bacillus alvei is not the active cause of any bee disease. It seems probable, however, that it plays a role in European foul- brood, but the extent is not fully known. The species is present usually, if not invariably, in large numbers in the rubber like scales (PI. V, F, I), which resemble so much those of American foulbrood. The decayed larval mass, which forms the scale, before becoming dry is ropy in consistency similar to that of American foulbrood but to a less degree. It seems probable that this ropiness is due more or less directly to Bacillus alvei. On account of this viscidity the decaying mass, as well as the scales, are removed with greater difficulty than ai'e most larvae dead of European foulbrood. The result, as often observed, is that these brown viscid decaying larvae or the rubberlike scales result- ing from them are the only evidence that Eu
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