. . tion of the species during the past thirty hundred and six of my correspondents attribute it largelyto the increase of gunners, and since most of them are gunnersthemselves, and know whereof they speak, we must concedethat they are right, but many of them believe that illegalhunting and snaring are responsible for the decrease. I have written much on the habits of this Grouse in UsefulBirds and their Protection; its conservation is considered inPart III of this volume. Note. — The Willow Ptarmigan or Willow Grouse, a bi
. . tion of the species during the past thirty hundred and six of my correspondents attribute it largelyto the increase of gunners, and since most of them are gunnersthemselves, and know whereof they speak, we must concedethat they are right, but many of them believe that illegalhunting and snaring are responsible for the decrease. I have written much on the habits of this Grouse in UsefulBirds and their Protection; its conservation is considered inPart III of this volume. Note. — The Willow Ptarmigan or Willow Grouse, a bird of the arcticand subarctic wilderness, is accidental in New England and New York. Onewas taken in Manchester, Essex County, Mass., May 10, 1859;^ anotherwas collected in Watson, Lewis County, N. Y., on May 22, 1876, by RomeynB. Hough; 2 and still another at Kenduskeag, Penobscot County, Me.,April 23, 1892. 1 Coues, Elliott: Proc. Essex Inst., 1868, Vol. V, p. 289. 2 Coues, Elliott: Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, 1878, p. 41. 3 Merrill, Harry: Auk, 1892, p. PLATE XI.—THE HEATH HEN. Once abundant in southern New England, New York and the Middle States ; now extinct, except on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass. Upper figure, fennale. Middle figure, male, tooting. Lower figure, male, strutting.(Drawn by W. I. Beecroft. From photographs of the living birds taken by Dr. George W. Field.) BIRDS HUNTED FOR FOOD OR SPORT. 385 HEATH HEN {Tympanuchus cupido). Length. — About 18 inches; legs feathered to toes. Adult Male. — Above light reddish brown, barred with black and buflf;under parts rusty white, barred with brown; chin, throat, cheeks andline over eye buffy; sides of neck with tufts of less than ten stiff, ratherlong black feathers, obtusely pointed; tail grayish brown, withoutbars, except a whitish tip; large orange air sacs on each side of neckand a small orange comb over each eye. Adult Female. — Similar, neck tufts shorter; tail barred with buff or lightbrown. Fi
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