. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. GASTROVASCULAR SYSTEM IN A SOFT CORAL 181. Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the inner walls of a canal from the gastrovascular system of Parenihropodium julvuin fulvum. (a) This sample was frozen and then fractured to show the inner part of a canal, (b) Closer view of the inner wall covered with cilia, c = canal, ci = cilia, sp = spicula. Scale bars: a = 100 ^m; b = 10 ^m. cut 24 to 48 h before starting the experiments. The frag- ments were incubated for 24 h in closed, transparent 1 -1 plastic chambers filled with
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. GASTROVASCULAR SYSTEM IN A SOFT CORAL 181. Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the inner walls of a canal from the gastrovascular system of Parenihropodium julvuin fulvum. (a) This sample was frozen and then fractured to show the inner part of a canal, (b) Closer view of the inner wall covered with cilia, c = canal, ci = cilia, sp = spicula. Scale bars: a = 100 ^m; b = 10 ^m. cut 24 to 48 h before starting the experiments. The frag- ments were incubated for 24 h in closed, transparent 1 -1 plastic chambers filled with filtered (2 /i/m) .seawa- ter containing NaH'"'C03 (Amersham. Nethedands; ') at 25°C under continuous illumination (300 ^mol photon m " s^') and gentle stirring. Incubation was followed by two to three rinses with '^C-free seawater and placement in the dark to eliminate unfixed '^C. The seawater was changed daily until no traces of radioactivity were found in the medium, usually 2 days, and then the labeled fragments were grafted in the laboratory or in situ to their original colonies. Within the next 24 h, the fragments usually reattached to the substrate and fused, which included the connection of the canals, with tissue of the original colonies (see Frank et ai. 1996). Tissue from the labeled fragments and the unlabeled colonies was sampled with a 5-mm- diameter metal cork-borer ( cnr) 12, 24, and 48 h after fusion for the laboratory experiments and 24 h after fusion for the field experiments. The distance of each sample from the fusion line was recorded. The samples were solubilized in 1 ml Soluene-350 (Packard, England) at 37°C for 24 h. To eliminate any remaining unfixed '"'C, ml of a 1 A' solution of HCl was added, followed by gentle aeration for 4 h. Radioactivity was measured with a liquid scintillation spectrophotometer (Kontron) using 4 ml of scintillation fluid (Optifluor, Packard, England). To evaluate possible passage of '''C to
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