. London . ord—haply the king him-self—followed by his regiment ofknights, gentlemen, and men-at-arms, all wearing his livery. TheAbbot, with his following, passedalong on his way to Westminsterin stately procession. The Alder-man, in fur gown and gold chain,with his officers, walked through themarket inspecting weights and mea-sures and the goods exposed forsale. Priests and friars crowded thenarrow ways. To north and south,in sheds which served for shops, theprentices stood bawling their wares. This was the outwardand visible side of the city There was another side—thecity of the London craf
. London . ord—haply the king him-self—followed by his regiment ofknights, gentlemen, and men-at-arms, all wearing his livery. TheAbbot, with his following, passedalong on his way to Westminsterin stately procession. The Alder-man, in fur gown and gold chain,with his officers, walked through themarket inspecting weights and mea-sures and the goods exposed forsale. Priests and friars crowded thenarrow ways. To north and south,in sheds which served for shops, theprentices stood bawling their wares. This was the outwardand visible side of the city There was another side—thecity of the London craftsman. Who was he—the craftsman ? Whence did he come ?London has always opened her hospitable arms to )- still come to the city and settle, enjoying its freedom,and in the next generation are pure English. In the days ofEdward the Confessor the men of Rouen and of Flandersbecame citizens with rights equal to the English. Later on,the names of the people show their origin and the places. MMi CHARING CROSS PLANTAGENET 169 whence they or their forefathers had come. Then WilliamWaleys is William the Welchman ; Walter Norris is Walterof Norway ; John Francis is John the Frenchman ; HenryWpton is Henry of that town ; William Sevenoke, LordMayor of London, took his name from the village of Seven-oaks in Kent, where he was born. The first surnames werebestowed not only with reference to the place of birth, butpartly to trades, partly to the place of residence, partly topersonal defects or peculiarities. But it is obvious from theearliest names on record how readily London receivedstrangers from any quarter of western Europe, Norway,1 enmark, Flanders, Lorraine, Picardy, Normandy, Guyenne,S,pain, Provence, and Italy. It is noteworthy in studyingthe names, first, that, as was to be expected, there is not inthe fourteenth century a single trace of British or RomanBritish name, either Christian or surname, just as there wasnot in the Saxon occupation a single trace of
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