. The elements of railroad engineering . 5 Old RaUs 1 to 12-* be used I .Old RailsI where Boft Mat- bcIZIZllZ_^ found ■ P ~ ~ 3 SECTION ON CENTER LINE Top of Slope- t. ttLMi* Top of Slope ^PLAN 1^. HALF SECTION. HALF END VlEm^^ 1 ^^ I*- Bottom of Slope \ k Fig. 24. N. Y. C. & H. R. Standard2X2 ArchCulvert ^2-0^ U Bottom tical. A portion of the wall may be carried up above the bridgeseat to hold the ballast, or an end plank may be used at the ends 64 CULVERTS, BRIDGES, AND MINOR STRUCTURES. •3(DBJ} JO 3ni[ jajaaQ OPENINGS 65 of the stringers. Coping stones shou
. The elements of railroad engineering . 5 Old RaUs 1 to 12-* be used I .Old RailsI where Boft Mat- bcIZIZllZ_^ found ■ P ~ ~ 3 SECTION ON CENTER LINE Top of Slope- t. ttLMi* Top of Slope ^PLAN 1^. HALF SECTION. HALF END VlEm^^ 1 ^^ I*- Bottom of Slope \ k Fig. 24. N. Y. C. & H. R. Standard2X2 ArchCulvert ^2-0^ U Bottom tical. A portion of the wall may be carried up above the bridgeseat to hold the ballast, or an end plank may be used at the ends 64 CULVERTS, BRIDGES, AND MINOR STRUCTURES. •3(DBJ} JO 3ni[ jajaaQ OPENINGS 65 of the stringers. Coping stones should be used i foot thick,projecting from 3 to 6 inches beyond the face of the wall. Concrete is now much used for all classes of railroad closest attention to materials, proportions, and manipulationis necessary to good work; but, when properly made, concreteforms an excellent substitute for masonry walls. It is usuallycheaper, principally because it may be built by unskilledlabor. It is doubtful if it ever presents quite so good an appear-ance as first-class stone masonry, and while unquestionably verydurable, it is yet to be proven that it is as durable as stonemasonry. In combination with steel reinforcing bars it may beused with economy for very fiat arch bridges, often in placeswhere head room is insufficient for a high arch, and not infre-quently the arch form is entirely omitted, the covers of culvertsof considerable width being made perfectly flat. For cheap, hasty construction, piles may be us
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectrailroadengineering
