. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. 22 HOWES. Fig. 10. Melanonus zugmayeri hyoid bar of 100mm SL specimen: A, medial view; B and C, urohyal in lateral and dorsal views. one not shared by ophidiiforms or lophiiforms (Howes, 1992). Other hyoid arch bones are much like those of the majority of gadiforms; the posterior half of the anterohyal =ceratohyal auct. (Figs 10A, 11 A) is deep and in this respect resembles that bone in some macrouroids (eg. Nezumia, Abyssicola, Coelorhynchus, Coryphaenoides; Okamura, 1970), more closely than gadoids. However, this feature is variable and
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. 22 HOWES. Fig. 10. Melanonus zugmayeri hyoid bar of 100mm SL specimen: A, medial view; B and C, urohyal in lateral and dorsal views. one not shared by ophidiiforms or lophiiforms (Howes, 1992). Other hyoid arch bones are much like those of the majority of gadiforms; the posterior half of the anterohyal =ceratohyal auct. (Figs 10A, 11 A) is deep and in this respect resembles that bone in some macrouroids (eg. Nezumia, Abyssicola, Coelorhynchus, Coryphaenoides; Okamura, 1970), more closely than gadoids. However, this feature is variable and a similar range of morphotypes can be found among ophidii- forms (Markle & Olney, 1990, fig. 13). As in most gadiforms and ophidiiforms there are 7 branchiostegal rays which appears to be the plesiomorphic paracanthopterygian num- ber, (six occur frequently in lophiiforms). The urohyal (Figs 10B,C) bears a closer resemblance to that of gadoids rather than macrouroids in having a shallow dorsal keel and a long, prominent anterodorsal (basibranchial) process (Howes, 1990, fig. 16B). The basihyal (Fig. 11 A) is a dumbbell-shaped bone lying between the dorsohyals and crossed by a ligament which connects them; anteriorly a thick cartilaginous 'tongue' pro- trudes forward, posteriorly, the basihyal is slightly over- lapped by the first basibranchial(see below). The interhyal (Fig. 9A) is typically gadiform, being long and slender, contacting the symplectic cartilage dorsally and the posterior socket of the posterohyal ventrally. Markle (1989, fig. 6A) shows a common ligamentous connection between the interhyal-posterohyal and interopercle. I find this to be one involving thick connective tissue although a discrete ligament runs from the medial side of the interhyal to the medial posterior tip of the posterohyal. Opercular bones (Fig. 9A) The opercular bones are relatively generalised except that the suboperculum has a straight to concave leading edge rather than the common gadifo
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