The origin and nature of the emotions; miscellaneous papers . ns of response to fear,and whatever its cause the phenomena are always the same—always physical. If the stimulus of fear be repeated from day to day,whether in the case of a mother anxious on account of theillness of a child; a business man struggling against failure;a politician under contest for apjwintment; a broker in thedaily hazard of his fortune; litigants in legal l)attle, or ajealous lover who fears a rival; the countless real as well asthe baseless fears in daily life, in fact, all forms of fear, as itseems to me, expicss
The origin and nature of the emotions; miscellaneous papers . ns of response to fear,and whatever its cause the phenomena are always the same—always physical. If the stimulus of fear be repeated from day to day,whether in the case of a mother anxious on account of theillness of a child; a business man struggling against failure;a politician under contest for apjwintment; a broker in thedaily hazard of his fortune; litigants in legal l)attle, or ajealous lover who fears a rival; the countless real as well asthe baseless fears in daily life, in fact, all forms of fear, as itseems to me, expicss themselves in like terms of ancestralphysical contests. On this law, fear dominates the variousorgans and parts of the body. PHYLOGENETIC ASSOCIATION AND THE EMOTIONS (J3 Anger and fear express opposite emotional states. Fearis the expression of a strong desire to escape from danger;anger, of a strong desire to attack physically and to vanciuishopposition. This hypothesis is strongly supported by theoutward expressions of fear and of anger. When the busi-. Fio. 21.—Angry Cat Prepared to Fight. ness man is conducting a struggle for existence against hisrivals, and when the contest is at its height, he may clenchhis fists, pound the table, perhaps show his teeth, and ex-hibit every expression of physical combat. Fixing the jawand showing the teeth in anger merely emphasize theremarkable tenacity of phj-logeny. Although the develop- 64 THE EMOTIONS inent of the wonderful efficiency of the fumdH has led to aniodihcation of the once powerful canines of our progenitors,the ancestral use of the teeth for attack and defense is at-tested in the disjilay of anger. In all stations of life differ-ences of opinion may lead to argument and argument tophysical combats, even to the point of killing. The jihysicalviolence of the savage and of the brute still lies surprisinglynear the surface (Fig. 21). We have now presented some of the reasons based largelyon gross animal behavior why fear
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