. Horticulture; a text book for high schools and normals, including plant propagation; plant breeding; gardening; orcharding; small fruit growing; forestry; beautifying home grounds; the soils and enemies involved. arise. This makes it a serious weed. in the underground parts. One can find the mass of stored materialby pulling it up. Then you know it is not an annual. If weeds have abundant rootstocks, as quack grass and Canadathistle, you cannot hope to find all of these numerous growthsramifying the soil. The control methods recommended in eachcase are to smother the plant. Remember that pla


. Horticulture; a text book for high schools and normals, including plant propagation; plant breeding; gardening; orcharding; small fruit growing; forestry; beautifying home grounds; the soils and enemies involved. arise. This makes it a serious weed. in the underground parts. One can find the mass of stored materialby pulling it up. Then you know it is not an annual. If weeds have abundant rootstocks, as quack grass and Canadathistle, you cannot hope to find all of these numerous growthsramifying the soil. The control methods recommended in eachcase are to smother the plant. Remember that plants cannot live if they do not have leavesexposed to the air during a part of the growing season. In chickenyards and pig pens where the leaves are continually eaten off the 350 CONTROL OF WEEDS roots and underground stems are killed. Light and air are neces-sary for the successful growth of any chlorophyll-bearing plants,whether they are weeds or not. Smothering plants by means of tar paper, covers of manure,straw or even with the growth of crops which over-shadow themare methods resorted to in special cases. For example, such weedsas persistent as Bermuda grass are sometimes killed by the growth Fig. Pre 247.—Prickly Lettuce; 1, section of plant showing leaf arrangement; 2, top of plant; 3, seedling; 5, seed natural size and enlarged. (Minnesota Station!)Fig. 248.—Crab Grass. 1, Entire plant; 2, enlarged flower spike; 3, seedling; 4, seedlingsomewhat older. (Minnesota Station.) of a smothering crop such as alfalfa, millet or wheat. The smothercrop must be seeded densely to accomplish this end. Seed Laboratories to Control Weeds.—Seed laboratories havebeen established in nearly all the states for the control of the weednuisance. Regulations and laws are published which fix the stand-ard for purity of seeds sold in the state, as well as standard forgermination. Samples are examined in the laboratories and badlots of seed are condemned. Farmers and gardeners are able


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectfruitculture, booksubjectgardening