. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. 10.) 685. Evaporative Condensers; Cooling Towers. Steam has occasionally beencondensed by allowing it to pass through coils over which fine streams, of water trickled. The evaporation of thewater (which may be hastened by afan) cools the coils and condenses thesteam, which is drawn off by an airpump. With ordinary condensersand a limited water supply coolingtowers are sometimes used. Thesemay be identical in constructionwith the evaporative condensers,excepting that warm water entersthe coils instead of steam, to becooled and used over again; orthey miay
. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. 10.) 685. Evaporative Condensers; Cooling Towers. Steam has occasionally beencondensed by allowing it to pass through coils over which fine streams, of water trickled. The evaporation of thewater (which may be hastened by afan) cools the coils and condenses thesteam, which is drawn off by an airpump. With ordinary condensersand a limited water supply coolingtowers are sometimes used. Thesemay be identical in constructionwith the evaporative condensers,excepting that warm water entersthe coils instead of steam, to becooled and used over again; orthey miay consist of open woodmats over which the water fallsas in the open type of feed-waterheater. Evaporation of a portionof the water in question (whichneed not be a large proportion ofthe whole) and warming of theair then cools the remainder ofthe water, the cooling being facili-tated by placing the mats in acylindrical tower through which ^iqthere is a rapid upward current ofair, naturally or artificially produced (8).tower. iie//efVa/ve. 286. Art. 58i.^Bulkley Injector cooling pond (8a) is equivalent to a 586. Boiler Feed Pump. This may be either steam-driven or power-driven(as may also be the condenser pumps). Steam-driven pumps should be of theduplex type, with plungers packed from the outside, and with individually acces-sible valves. If they are to pump hot water, special materials must be used forexposed parts. The power pump has usually three single-acting water is much discussion at the present time as to the comparative economy ofsteam- and power-driven auxiliaries. The steam engine portion of an ordinarysmall pump is extremely inefficient, while power-driven pumps can be operated, atlittle loss, from the main engines. The general use of exhaust steam from aux-iliaries for feed-water heating ceases to be an argument in their favor when econo-mizers are used; and in large plants the difference in cost of attendance in favorof motor-driven aux
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