. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 848 JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS than those with scale-like Ivs., and the latter are there- fore mostly increased by side-grafting during the win- ter in the greenhouse on young potted plants of the typical form or an allied species. The shrubby species, especially t/^. Sablna, are also prop, by layers. About 35 species
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 848 JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS than those with scale-like Ivs., and the latter are there- fore mostly increased by side-grafting during the win- ter in the greenhouse on young potted plants of the typical form or an allied species. The shrubby species, especially t/^. Sablna, are also prop, by layers. About 35 species distributed throughout the extra- tropical regions of the northern hemisphere, in America south to Mexico and W. India. Trees or shrubs with the branchlets spreading in all directions: Ivs. either all needle-shaped and in 3's, or needle-shaped and scale- like, and usually opposite, often found on the same plant, the needle-shaped Ivs. prevailing on younger plants and vigorous branches, the scale-like ones on older plants: fls. dioecious, rarely moncecious; staminate yellow, consisting of numerous anthers united into an ovoid or oblong catkin; pistillate greenish, minutely globular, with several bracts; each or some bearing 1 or 2 ovules; the bracts become fleshy and unite into a berry- like cone, usually wholly enclosing the 1-6, rarely 12, seeds. The fr. ripens either the first year, as in J. Virginiana, or the second, as in «/". Sablna and most species, or in the third, as in J", communis. Juniperus is closely allied to Cupressus, and some- times hard to distinguish without fr.; but young plants with needle-shaped Ivs. can be almost always told apart, since Juniperus has whitish lines or mams on the upper surface of the Ivs., while the similar juvenile forms of allied genera have the whitish marks beneath. Most species are very variable, as well in habit as in the shape of the Ivs., which renders the determination of an unknown form, at least without fr., a rather
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